【美高心理系】面对疫情，家长应该如何帮助孩子调整心理状态和学习状态

　　从一月份延续至今的肺炎疫情对我们的生活产生了很大影响。孩子返校时间延后，平时大量时间在家中活动。

　　上海美高双语学校除了安排在家学习之外，也关心孩子们的身心健康。心理辅导老师张婷特别撰文，为家长提供建议，帮助孩子们调整情绪、充实防疫知识、设定和执行学习计划等，引导孩子们建立规律的生活和学习状态。

　　The coronavirus epidemic which occurredin January till now has hugely impacted our life. The schedule of returning school is delayed. Children spend much time at home. Living Word Shanghai not only arranged studying at home, but also care about children’s physical and mental health. Counseling teacher Tina Zhang wrote an article that provides suggestions to parents, about how to help children adjust their mood, enrich knowledge about preventing infection, and set up and implement a learningplan, to guide children build a regular life and learning state.

　　文/张婷 Tina Zhang

　　当前新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情，揪动着我们每一个人的心。相信这一次特殊的经历，给我们大家上了意义非凡的一课。对于家长和孩子来说，也要把握好这次的“课堂”，收获人生的知识。由于疫情的发生，孩子们的返校延后了，生活方式和学习方式都相应的发生了变化。家长和孩子的相处时间也多了起来。疫情期间，家长可以做哪些事情来帮助孩子调整好心理状态和学习状态呢？

　　The Epidemic is connected to us all. This special experience is a meaningful lesson. We should get the lesson right and gain knowledge about life. The returning schedule is delayedduethe epidemic. And their life and learning styles are changed. Parents spend more time with children. Whatcan parents do to help children adjust their mental and learning state during the epidemic?

　　以身试教

　　美国心理学家班杜拉在20世纪60年代提出“观察学习”概念。它是指人们仅仅通过观察他人（榜样）的行为及其结果就能学会某种复杂行为，又称替代学习、无尝试学习。

　　简言之，父母在家里面怎么做，孩子就会怎么做。年龄越小，父母对孩子影响越大。家长对于疫情的态度、情绪和认知等，都会在无形中直接教授给孩子，并被孩子习得。因此，家长帮助孩子调整状态，首先要做的就是调整好自己，给孩子一个好的示范。

　　以下是几点建议：

　　1.保持情绪稳定：避免讨论负面信息。

　　2.保持健康作息

　　3.保持锻炼运动。

　　4.保持一定量的学习。

　　Parents are teachers.

　　In the 1960s, American psychologist Bandura came up with the concept of observational learning. It means that people can learn a complicated behavior just by observing the behavior of others (role models), and the consequences. It is also known as alternative learning, learning without attempt. In short, children learn parents’ behaviors at home and then behave in similar ways. The influence is more powerful for younger children. Parents' attitudes, emotions and perceptions towards the epidemic will be imperceptibly, directly learned by children. So the first thing for parents to do is to adjust themselves and becomegood examples for children. That will help children adjust themselves. Here are some suggestions for parents:

　　1.Maintain emotional stability, avoiding discussing negative information

　　2. Keep a healthy time table

　　3.Do exercise regularly

　　4.Maintain certain amount of learning.

　　合作学习

　　肺炎疫情对于我们来说，都是之前从未了解的，是新的知识，需要我们不断学习和跟进。在此学习过程中，父母的第一反应一般是直接告诉孩子应该做哪些事情，不应该做哪些事情，从而忽略和遏制了孩子的主动学习和探究能力。

　　Cooperative learning

　　The epidemic is new to us. We never knew about it before and need to learn the knowledge and adjust ourselves constantly. In this process, parents' first reaction is usually to tell their children directly what they should do and what they should not do. It thus ignores and restricts children's ability of active learning and inquiry.

　　对于小学高年级和初中阶段的孩子，家长要抓住这个机会，和孩子共同探讨分享，关于病毒和如何做好防护的知识。像开家庭会议一样，大家坐在一起，让孩子分享他们了解到的信息和内容，提高孩子的自我价值感和参与感，激发孩子的积极主动性。相信这样一做，孩子比你更懂防护知识和如何调整状态哦。

　　Parents should seize this opportunity for children in senior primary and middle school. Like a family meeting, parents and children can share their knowledge about viruses and how to protect themselves. It would induce children’s initiative, and improve their sense of self-worth and participation. In doing so, children may know more than you about how to adjust their state.

　　PART家长是引导者

　　孩子们处于发育和成长的阶段，在信息收集和判断能力方面还不很成熟，这就需要家长及时介入引导。对于一些谣传信息，要及时对孩子加以疏导，以免造成孩子的恐慌。引导孩子科学地、辩证地看问题，培养孩子的判断能力。

　　同时，鼓励孩子多联系同学或者朋友，维护好人际支持，减少孤独感。

　　Parents are guides

　　Children are at the stage of growing an development. They are not yet mature in terms of searching and evaluating information. Parents need to intervene in time to guide their children not be panic with rumors. Guide the children to see the problems scientifically and dialectically, and train their ability of judgment.

　　At the same time, parents can encourage theirchildrento contact with classmates or friends to maintain good interpersonal support and reduce loneliness.

　　帮助孩子调整学习状态

　　由于疫情影响，孩子们需要在家独立完成学习内容。这对教师、家长和孩子，都是一大考验。为了保证孩子进行有效学习，家长需要比平时付出更多的时间和精力来帮助孩子。

　　Helpingchildrenadjust theirlearning state

　　Due to the epidemic, children need to finish their study independently at home. This is a big challengefor teachers, parents and children. Parents need to devote more time and energy to help their children to make sure theylearn effectively at home.

　　首先，帮助孩子调整作息时间。由于孩子们假期在家，比较放松，有的作息甚至是日夜颠倒，这样的状态很难适应步入学习阶段。所以家长需要多加辅助，尽早帮孩子调整好规律的作息时间。

　　First, help children adjust their sleep schedule. Children are relaxed at home during the holidays.Some of them even have their schedules reversed, which makes it difficult to adapt to the learning phase. Parents need to help children adjust the regular schedule as early as possible.

　　其次，帮助孩子合理规划时间。在家学习不同于在校学习，孩子们在家比较自由，没有上下课之分。家长需要帮助孩子制定学习计划表，例如，参照学校的课表，什么时间学习什么科目，什么时间是休息吃饭时间。第一天会很不容易，但是坚持下来，养成习惯，会很轻松。

　　 Second, help children plan their time properly. Studying at home is different from studying at school. Children have more freedom at home. There are no clear boundary between classes and breaks. Parents need to help their children make study plans, such as, following the school schedules, study the subjects, take break and have meals at the scheduled time. It will not be easy on the first day, but try practice it firmly, and make it a habit, then it will be easy.

　　最后，做好孩子的玩伴。在学习之余，家长可以和孩子在一起放松，做游戏等。要让孩子少接触电子产品，例如手机和电视。孩子的自控力还不够强，一旦接触，可能就是几十分钟甚至数小时，学习计划就会打乱，学习状态也不好。所以这方面，家长需要和孩子共同商议制定使用规则。

　　 Finally, be a good playmate. Parents can do some relaxing activities and games with children after their study. Do not let children use electronic devise too much, such as cellphone and TV. They do not have strong self-control. Once they attach to those devises, they might do it for hours, and thus ruin the learning plan. In this aspect, parents and children have to discuss and make rules together.

　　疫情无情，人有情。每一次的苦难从来不会毫无意义和价值。家长可以利用好这一人生课堂，教孩子立好人生信条，做强大的自己。

　　The epidemic is merciless, but we are together. People can find meaningful and valuable things through suffering. Parents can seize this opportunity to educate the children well and help them become strong and set up decrees about life.